Sunglasses Your Ultimate Guide to Eye Protection
Worth the Hype? Demystifying Expensive Sunglasses
In our ongoing quest to scrutinise everyday products, we turn our attention to sunglasses. Specifically, are pricey pairs truly worth the investment? Listener Wayne, post-laser eye surgery, found himself bewildered by the price range for non-prescription sunglasses. His query: do expensive sunglasses truly offer superior eye protection? What about darker tints and those mysterious "polarised" labels?
To settle the score, Greg Foot embarks on a mission, testing sunglasses from a modest £2.50 to upwards of £100. The findings? Surprising, to say the least. But before we delve into those, here are eight essential insights to arm yourself with before your next sunglass purchase.
The Golden Label: UV 400
Beyond the visible light we perceive lies ultraviolet (UV) light, a form of radiation invisible to our eyes. This radiation, possessing a shorter wavelength and higher energy, poses a threat to our vision. "Ideal sunglasses reduce overall visible light and shield us from UV light," explains Professor James Wolffsohn, an expert in optometry.
The "UV 400" mark on sunglasses signifies their claim to protect against UV radiation up to 400 nanometres. While most standards protect up to 380 nanometres, the extra 20 nanometres offered by UV 400 lenses translates to enhanced protection.
Protection: Inside or Out?
Some sunglasses boast UV-blocking materials embedded within the lenses themselves, while others rely on surface coatings that reflect light. However, coatings carry a caveat: light hitting the back of the lens could reflect UV radiation into your eyes. Fortunately, "newer coatings absorb UV light, preventing such reflection and potential damage," assures James.
Wraparound: More Than Just Style
Light doesn't just hit us head-on; it comes from all angles. "Smaller lenses leave more room for light to sneak in from the sides," warns James. Therefore, sunglasses that wrap around offer superior protection, especially for those spending ample time outdoors.
Not All Shades Are Road-Ready
Sunglasses often sport a category rating, ranging from 0 (lightest) to 4 (darkest), indicating how much visible light they permit through. Category 4 lenses, allowing only 4-9% of visible light, are not road legal. Category 3 lenses (18-9% light transmission) are safe for driving, unless your windscreen is tinted, which could bump the total light blockage into the prohibited category 4 range.
Darker Doesn't Equal Better
Using a light meter, Greg and optician Katherine Howard tested various sunglasses. A pair of dark, mirrored Ray-Bans blocked 90% of visible light and 100% of UV. Another pair with a lighter sepia tint also blocked 100% of UV, but let through 35% of visible light. This demonstrates that as long as UV protection is guaranteed, tint darkness is purely a matter of personal taste.
Image Credit - Freepik
Are Cheaper Sunglasses Just as Protective?
Greg Foot and optician Katherine Howard put cheaper sunglasses to the test, measuring their UV-blocking capabilities.
Polarised: A Matter of Preference
Polarised lenses tackle horizontal reflections, like the glare from a wet road under the sun. "They're designed to cut that out," explains Katherine. However, polarisation can also interfere with the visibility of phone and laptop screens. "If you're using them for driving," advises Katherine, "check that you can still see your sat nav."
Importantly, polarisation doesn't impact UV protection. It's purely a matter of personal preference.
Labels Can Be Deceiving
Sunglasses meeting required standards should bear a CE mark on the frame (post-Brexit, this is being replaced with UK CA). Yet, some sunglasses fail to live up to their labelled promises.
Greg and Katherine tested two inexpensive pairs from a market stall, both marked "UV 400". While the first pair did block all UV light, the second pair had a dismal UV transmission of 57%, letting through over half the UV radiation.
Katherine explains the danger: "The darker tint tricks the pupil into dilating, allowing more harmful UV light to reach the retina and cornea." To ensure your sunglasses genuinely protect your eyes, she recommends visiting an optician, who can be held accountable for the products they dispense.
Price Doesn't Always Equal Safety
Paying a premium for sunglasses might get you glass lenses, known for their superior optics compared to plastic lenses, and potentially more durable frames. However, this doesn't necessarily translate to better eye protection than mid-range options. As with many products, price isn't a reliable indicator of compliance with safety standards. "Expensive sunglasses can be non-compliant, while inexpensive ones can meet the standards," notes James.
Often, the higher price tag simply reflects a designer label. "You might be overpaying for a brand name," warns James.
Beyond Protection: The Hidden Perks of Sunglasses
While the primary function of sunglasses is to shield our eyes from the sun's harmful rays, they also offer a range of additional benefits that go beyond mere UV protection. These hidden perks can significantly enhance our visual comfort, performance, and overall well-being.
Reduced Glare and Eye Strain
One of the most noticeable benefits of sunglasses is their ability to reduce glare. Glare is caused by the reflection of light off surfaces like water, snow, or even roads. It can be particularly bothersome when driving, engaging in outdoor activities, or simply enjoying a sunny day. Sunglasses, especially those with polarised lenses, can effectively filter out this glare, making it easier to see clearly and reducing eye strain.
Improved Contrast and Visual Clarity
Sunglasses can also enhance contrast and visual clarity. By reducing the amount of light entering the eyes, they help to define shapes and colors more sharply. This can be especially beneficial for athletes and outdoor enthusiasts who rely on visual acuity for optimal performance. Additionally, sunglasses with specific lens tints, such as yellow or amber, can further enhance contrast in certain environments, such as low-light conditions or hazy weather.
Protection from Environmental Hazards
Sunglasses also provide a physical barrier against environmental hazards like dust, wind, and debris. This is particularly important for those who spend a lot of time outdoors, whether it's for work or leisure. By shielding the eyes from these irritants, sunglasses can help to prevent eye injuries and infections.
Fashion and Style
Let's not forget the fashion aspect of sunglasses. They have become a popular accessory that can complement any outfit and express personal style. With a wide variety of frames, colors, and designs available, sunglasses can be a fun and stylish way to complete a look.
Psychological Benefits
Beyond their physical benefits, sunglasses can also have a positive impact on our mental well-being. Studies have shown that wearing sunglasses can boost confidence, reduce anxiety, and improve mood. This is likely due to a combination of factors, including the feeling of anonymity and protection that sunglasses provide, as well as the enhanced visual comfort and reduced eye strain they offer.
Choosing the Right Sunglasses: A Guide
Now that we've explored the nuances of sunglasses and their hidden perks, let's delve into the process of choosing the right pair for your needs. With countless options available, it's crucial to consider various factors to ensure you make an informed decision.
Lens Material
Sunglass lenses are typically made of either glass or plastic. Glass lenses offer superior optical clarity and scratch resistance, but they are heavier and more prone to shattering. Plastic lenses, on the other hand, are lighter and more impact-resistant, but they may not be as optically clear and can scratch more easily.
Lens Colour and Tint
The colour and tint of the lens can affect how you perceive colours and contrast. Grey lenses are a popular choice as they maintain true colour perception while reducing brightness. Brown lenses enhance contrast and depth perception, making them suitable for activities like golf or fishing. Other colours like yellow, amber, and rose offer specific benefits depending on the lighting conditions and intended use.
Frame Style and Fit
The frame style and fit are crucial for both comfort and aesthetics. Choose a frame that complements your face shape and personal style. Ensure that the sunglasses fit snugly without being too tight or loose. Consider adjustable nose pads and temple tips for a customised fit.
Specialised Lenses
Depending on your needs and activities, you might consider specialised lenses. Polarised lenses, as mentioned earlier, reduce glare and enhance visual clarity, making them ideal for driving, fishing, or boating. Photochromic lenses automatically adjust their tint based on light conditions, providing convenience and versatility. Mirrored lenses reduce the amount of light entering the eyes, making them suitable for bright, sunny conditions.
Price and Brand
Sunglasses range in price from affordable to high-end designer brands. While designer sunglasses may offer superior quality and craftsmanship, there are plenty of reputable brands that offer excellent value for money. Ultimately, the price you pay should reflect your budget and the features you prioritize.
Trying Before Buying
Whenever possible, try on sunglasses before purchasing them. This will allow you to assess the fit, comfort, and visual clarity. Walk around with the sunglasses on and see how they feel on your face. If you're buying online, check the retailer's return policy in case you need to exchange or return the sunglasses.
Image Credit - Freepik
Additional Considerations
Beyond the factors mentioned above, there are a few additional considerations to keep in mind when choosing sunglasses. If you wear prescription glasses, you might opt for prescription sunglasses or clip-on sunglasses that attach to your regular glasses. Sports enthusiasts might look for sunglasses with specific features like impact resistance, ventilation, or interchangeable lenses.
Making an Informed Decision
By carefully considering these factors, you can choose sunglasses that not only protect your eyes but also enhance your visual experience and complement your personal style. Remember, the right pair of sunglasses is an investment in your eye health and overall well-being.
The Evolution of Sunglasses: From Fashion Statement to Essential Eyewear
Sunglasses have come a long way since their humble beginnings. Initially used by Chinese judges in the 12th century to conceal their facial expressions, sunglasses have evolved into a global fashion statement and an essential piece of eyewear.
In the 20th century, sunglasses gained popularity among Hollywood stars and celebrities, further solidifying their status as a fashion accessory. However, it wasn't until the 1980s that the importance of UV protection became widely recognized, leading to the development of sunglasses that prioritize eye health alongside style.
Today, sunglasses are available in a dizzying array of styles, colours, and materials, catering to every taste and budget. Whether you're a fashion-forward trendsetter or a practical outdoor enthusiast, there's a pair of sunglasses out there that's perfect for you.
Sunglasses and Sports: Enhancing Performance and Safety
For athletes and sports enthusiasts, sunglasses are more than just a fashion accessory; they are essential gear that can significantly enhance performance and safety. Whether you're hitting the slopes, cycling through the countryside, or playing a round of golf, the right pair of sunglasses can make all the difference.
Protection from the Elements
Sunglasses provide crucial protection from the elements, including wind, dust, and debris. These can not only cause discomfort but also impair vision, potentially leading to accidents. Sports sunglasses with wraparound frames and larger lenses offer maximum coverage, ensuring that your eyes remain protected during intense activities.
Enhanced Visual Clarity and Contrast
Specific lens tints can significantly enhance visual clarity and contrast in various sports environments. For example, yellow or amber lenses are ideal for low-light conditions, such as early morning or late afternoon games, as they amplify contrast and improve depth perception. Brown lenses are suitable for sunny conditions as they reduce glare and enhance contrast.
Impact Resistance
For high-impact sports like skiing, snowboarding, or mountain biking, impact-resistant lenses are a must. Polycarbonate lenses are a popular choice as they are lightweight, shatterproof, and offer excellent UV protection. Some sports sunglasses even come with interchangeable lenses, allowing you to switch between different tints depending on the lighting conditions.
Ventilation
Ventilation is another crucial factor to consider, especially for endurance sports. Sunglasses with ventilation features, such as vents or channels in the frame, help to prevent fogging by allowing air to circulate around the lenses. This can be particularly important in humid conditions or during intense physical activity.
Fit and Comfort
A secure and comfortable fit is essential for sports sunglasses. Look for sunglasses with adjustable nose pads and temple tips for a customized fit. Grippy rubberized materials on the frame and temples can help to keep the sunglasses in place during movement. Some sports sunglasses also feature straps or bands to further secure them to your head.
Sunglasses and Eye Health: Beyond UV Protection
While UV protection is undoubtedly the most crucial aspect of sunglasses for eye health, there are other ways in which sunglasses can contribute to maintaining good vision and preventing eye problems.
Image Credit - Freepik
Reducing Eye Strain and Fatigue
Sunglasses can significantly reduce eye strain and fatigue, especially when spending extended periods in bright sunlight. By filtering out excess light, they allow your eyes to relax and work more efficiently. This can be particularly beneficial for those who work outdoors or spend a lot of time staring at screens.
Protecting Against Cataracts and Macular Degeneration
Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to UV radiation can increase the risk of developing cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), two leading causes of vision loss. By blocking UV rays, sunglasses can help to protect your eyes from these serious conditions.
Preventing Pterygium and Other Eye Conditions
Sunglasses can also help to prevent pterygium, a non-cancerous growth on the eye's surface that can impair vision. Additionally, sunglasses can protect against other eye conditions like photokeratitis(sunburn of the cornea) and dry eye syndrome, which can be exacerbated by exposure to wind and sun.
Children's Eyes: Extra Protection Needed
Children's eyes are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of UV radiation as their lenses are more transparent, allowing more UV light to reach the retina. Therefore, it's crucial to ensure that children wear sunglasses with adequate UV protection whenever they are outdoors.
Look for sunglasses specifically designed for children, as they often have features like impact-resistant lenses and comfortable, secure frames. Encourage children to wear sunglasses from a young age to instill healthy habits and protect their developing eyes.
Sunglasses and Medical Conditions
Certain medical conditions can make the eyes more sensitive to light, necessitating the use of sunglasses even in moderate sunlight. Conditions like cataracts, macular degeneration, and dry eye syndrome can all benefit from the protection and comfort offered by sunglasses.
If you have any underlying eye conditions, it's essential to consult with your eye doctor to determine the most suitable type of sunglasses for your specific needs. They can recommend lenses with specific tints or coatings that can help to alleviate symptoms and protect your eyes.
Sunglasses: Not Just for Summer
While sunglasses are often associated with summer, it's important to remember that UV radiation is present year-round, even on cloudy days. Therefore, it's recommended to wear sunglasses whenever you are outdoors, regardless of the season.
Snow, in particular, can reflect a significant amount of UV radiation, making sunglasses essential for winter sports and activities. Additionally, the wind and cold temperatures during winter can further exacerbate dry eye syndrome, making sunglasses even more crucial for protecting your eyes.
Caring for Your Sunglasses
To ensure that your sunglasses continue to provide optimal protection and longevity, it's important to care for them properly. Store them in a protective case when not in use, and clean them regularly with a soft, lint-free cloth and a mild cleaning solution. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can damage the lenses or coatings.
If your sunglasses become scratched or damaged, it's best to have them repaired or replaced by a qualified professional. Scratched lenses can distort vision and reduce UV protection, while damaged frames can compromise the fit and comfort of the sunglasses.
The Future of Sunglasses: Innovation and Technology
The world of sunglasses is constantly evolving, with new technologies and innovations emerging to enhance their functionality, style, and comfort.
Smart sunglasses, for example, are integrating technology into eyewear, offering features like built-in cameras, GPS navigation, and voice assistants. These sunglasses can potentially revolutionize how we interact with the world around us, providing us with real-time information and connectivity while protecting our eyes.
Other innovations include lenses with adaptive tints that automatically adjust to changing light conditions, as well as materials that offer enhanced impact resistance and durability. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more exciting developments in the world of sunglasses.
Conclusion
Sunglasses are more than just a fashion statement; they are an essential tool for protecting our eyes from the harmful effects of UV radiation and enhancing our visual experience. Whether you're an athlete, a fashionista, or simply someone who enjoys spending time outdoors, the right pair of sunglasses can make a significant difference in your life.
By understanding the different types of sunglasses, their features, and how to choose the right pair for your needs, you can make an informed decision that will benefit your eye health and overall well-being. Remember, investing in a good pair of sunglasses is an investment in your vision, and it's one that will pay dividends for years to come.
